Ecological distribution of Cyanophyceae in lotic ecosystems of São Paulo State
نویسندگان
چکیده
(Ecological distribution of Cyanophyceae in lotic ecosystems of São Paulo State). A hundred seventy two stream reaches from six distinct natural regions (parts of biomes or geological areas) in São Paulo State (Atlantic Rainforest, Cerrado, Hard Water regions, Northwest region, Subtropical Rainforest, and Tropical Rainforest) were searched for the most representative macroscopic Cyanophyceae of phytobenthic communities. Selected ecological parameters were analyzed in each stream segment: conductance, current velocity, oxygen saturation, pH, turbidity, and water temperature. Algal abundance was evaluated as percentage cover. Thirthy four cyanophyte taxa were identified and Phormidium retzii was the most widespread species throughout the State, occurring in all studied regions, except in hard water areas, and was negatively correlated to conductance. The subtropical Rainforest region presented the highest mean species richness per site, whereas the tropical Rainforest region had the highest abundance (percentage cover) of blue-green algae. Correlation tests revealed that conductance was significantly and negatively related to variations in abundance and richness of cyanophyte in streams of São Paulo State. This relationship probably reflects the ability of blue-green algae to grow at medium to low ion content and to take advantage under nutrient stress conditions. RESUMO (Distribuição ecológica de Cyanophyceae em ambientes lóticos do estado de São Paulo). Cento e setenta e dois trechos de riachos de seis regiões naturais (partes de biomas ou áreas geológicas) no estado de São Paulo (Mata Atlântica, Cerrado, regiões de Águas Duras, região noroeste do estado, Floresta Subtropical e Floresta Tropical) foram investigados com relação às Cyanophyceae macroscópicas mais representativas nas comunidades algais. Condutividade, velocidade da correnteza, saturação de oxigênio, pH, turbidez e temperatura foram os parâmetros ecológicos analisados para a avaliação da distribuição dos táxons entre os segmentos de riachos. A abundância das populações foram avaliadas através de suas porcentagem de cobertura. Trinta e quatro táxons foram identificados, sendo que Phormidium retzii foi a espécie melhor distribuída no estado, ocorrendo em todas regiões estudadas, exceto em regiões de águas duras e sua ocorrência revelou correlação negativa com condutividade. Na região de floresta subtropical foi encontrada a maior riqueza média de espécies por trecho amostrado, enquanto nas regiões de floresta tropical foram observados os mais elevados valores de abundância de algas azuis. Testes de correlação revelaram que a condutividade foi significativa e negativamente relacionada às variações na abundância e riqueza das espécies de algas azuis. Este resultado provavelmente reflete a habilidade das cianofíceas em desenvolver-se em ambientes com média a baixa concentração de íons e, ao mesmo tempo, ter vantagens sob condições de estresse de nutrientes.
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